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হজ্জের ঐতিহাসিক পটভূমি

September 20, 2013
হজ্জের ঐতিহাসিক পটভূমি

হজ্জের ঐতিহাসিক পটভূমি

হজ্জ একটি আবশ্যকীয় বা ফরয ইবাদত। এটি ইসলামের ৫ম স্তম্ভ। হজ্জ শব্দরে আভিধানিক অর্থ “ইচ্ছা” বা “সঙ্কল্প” করা। আচার ও আদব-কায়দার বিবেচনায় হজ্জ হলো বৎসরের নির্দিষ্ট দিনে নির্দিষ্ট পোশাকে কয়েকটি স্থানে অবস্থান বা ওকুফ, কা‘বা শরীফের তাওয়াফ, পশু কুরবানী, নির্দিষ্ট স্থানে পরপর ৩দিন কঙ্কর নিক্ষেপ এবং সাফা-মারওয়া টিলাদ্বয়ের মধ্যবর্তী স্থানে হাঁটা। কাবাঘরে হজ্জ আদায় করেন সর্বপ্রথম হযরত আদম (আ:); তারপর নূহ (আ:)-সহ অন্যান্য সকল নবী-রাসূলগণ কাবাঘর জিয়ারত ও তাওয়াফ করে এ ধারা অব্যাহত রাখেন। নবী ইবরাহীম (আঃ)-এর সময় থেকে হজ্জ ফরয বা আবশ্যকীয় ইবাদত হিসেবে নির্ধারিত করা হয়। এটি জীবনে একবার কা‘বা ঘর যিয়ারতে সামর্থবান ব্যক্তির উপর ফরয।
হিজরি সনের ১২তম মাস হলো জিলহজ্জ মাস। এই মাসে বিশ্ব মুসলিমের সবচেয়ে বড় সম্মেলন তথা হজ্জ অনুষ্ঠিত হয়। এই মাস হযরত ইবরাহীম (আ:)-এর স্মৃতিবিজড়িত এক অনন্য মাস। যখন হযরত ইবরাহীম (আ:) কে হজ্জ ফরজ হওয়ার কথা ঘোষণা করার আদেশ দেয়া হয়, তখন তিনি আল্লাহর কাছে আরজ করলেনঃ এখানে তো জনমানবহীন বন্য প্রান্তর; ঘোষণা শোনার মতো কেউ নেই। যেখানে জনবসতি আছে সেখানে আমার আওয়াজ কীভাবে পৌঁছবে? আল্লাহ তায়ালা বললেনঃ তোমার দায়িত্ব শুধু ঘোষণা করা। বিশ্বের কাছে তা পৌঁছানোর দায়িত্ব আমার। পবিত্র কুরআনে কথাগুলো এভাবে বলা হয়েছে:  ‘আর (তুমি) মানুষের নিকট হজ্জের ঘোষণা দাও; তারা তোমার কাছে আসবে পায়ে হেঁটে এবং কৃশকায় উটে চড়ে দূর দূরান্ত পথ অতিক্রম করে।  (সূরা হাজ্জ: ২৭)
অতঃপর হযরত ইবরাহীম (আ:) মাকামে ইবরাহীমে দাঁড়িয়ে ঘোষণা করলে আল্লাহ তায়ালা তা উচ্চ করে দেন। কোনো কোনো বর্ণনায় আছেঃ তিনি আবু কোবাইস পাহাড়ে আরোহণ করতঃ দুই কানে অঙ্গুলি রেখে ডানে-বামে এবং পূর্ব-পশ্চিমে মুখ ফিরিয়ে ঘোষণা করেছিলেনঃ লোক সব! তোমাদের পালনকর্তা নিজের গৃহ নির্মাণ করেছেন এবং তোমাদের ওপর এই গৃহের হজ্জ ফরজ করেছেন। তোমরা সবাই পালনকর্তার আদেশ পালন করো। এই বর্ণনায় আরো বলা হয়েছেঃ ইবরাহীম (আ:)-এর এই আওয়াজ আল্লাহ তায়ালা বিশ্বের সবখানে পৌঁছে দেন এবং শুধু তখনকার জীবিত মানুষ পর্যন্তই নয়, বরং ভবিষ্যতে কিয়ামত পর্যন্ত যত মানুষ আগমনকারী ছিল তাদের সবার কান পর্যন্ত এই আওয়াজ পৌঁছে দেয়া হয়। যার যার ভাগ্যে আল্লাহ তায়ালা হজ্জ লিখে দিয়েছেন, তাদের প্রত্যেকেই এই আওয়াজের জবাবে লাব্বায়িকা আল্লাহুম্মা লাব্বায়িক বলেছে অর্থাৎ হাজির হওয়ার কথা স্বীকার করেছে। হযরত ইবনে আব্বাস বলেন, ইবরাহীমের (আ:) আওয়াজের জবাবই হচ্ছে ‘লাব্বায়িকা’ বলার আসল ভিত্তি। (ইবনে আব্বাস, মুজাহিদ, ইকরামা, এবং সাঈদ ইবনে জুবায়ের হতে ইবনে কাসির (রা.) স্বীয় তাফসীরে বর্ণনা করেছেন)
হজ্জ-এর বিভিন্ন আচার-কায়দা আদি পয়গম্বর ইবরাহীম (আঃ)-এর সঙ্গে সম্পর্কিত। হজ্জের সাথে জড়িত রয়েছে আল্লাহ্র কাছে তাঁর আত্মসমর্পণ, জিহাদ জয়ের ইতিহাস। ইবরাহীম (আ:) আল্লাহর নির্দেশে তাঁর বিবি হাজারকে নির্জন মরুভূমিতে রেখে এসেছিলেন। সেখানে, কা‘বা শরীফের অদূরে, বিবি হাজার নবজাত শিশু ইসমাইলকে (আ:) নিয়ে মহাবিপদে পড়েছিলেন। সাহায্যের জন্য কাউকে না পেয়ে তিনি পানির তালাশে সাফা-মারওয়া পাহাড়ের মধ্যে দৌড়াদৌড়ি করেছিলেন। কিন্তু কোথাও পানি না পেয়ে সন্তানের কাছে ফিরে এসে দেখলেন, সেখানে নবজাত শিশুর পদাঘাতে এক পানির উৎসের সৃষ্টি হয়েছে। এটিই জমজম কূপ।
ইবরাহীমের স্ত্রীর এই আত্মত্যাগ স্মরণে রাখার জন্য হজ্জ ও উমরা আদায়কারীগণ সাফা-মারওয়ার সা’ঈ করে থাকেন।
আরাফাতের ময়দানে উপস্থিতি হযরত আদম (আ:) ও হাওয়া (আ:)-এর কথা স্মরণ করিয়ে দেয়। বেহেশত থেকে আদম (আ:) ও হাওয়া (আ:) কে যখন দুনিয়াতে পাঠিয়ে দেয়া হয়, তারা পরস্পর বিচ্ছিন্ন হয়ে পড়েন। অতঃপর উভয়ে আরাফাত ময়দানে এসে মিলিত হন। আর ‘আরাফা’ শব্দের অর্থ চেনা বা পরিচয় লাভ করা। তাঁদের দোয়া আল্লাহ তায়ালা এখানে কবুল করেন। এ জন্য আল্লাহর কাছে কৃতজ্ঞতা স্বরূপ হযরত আদম (আ:)-এর বংশধর দুনিয়ার সব মুসলিম আরাফাতের ময়দানে এসে উপস্থিত হয়ে আল্লাহর কাছে কান্নাকাটি করে ইবাদতে মগ্ন হন।
মহান আল্লাহ আমাদের সকলকে তাঁর পবিত্র ঘরের হজ্জ করার তাওফীক দান করুন। আমীন

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